Food Science Research Journal

Sanjeet Kumar ¹, Avanish Kumar ², Atulanand Mishra ², R. N. Shukla ², A. K. Gautam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Food Process Engineering, Sam Hagginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Science, ALLAHABAD (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Food Process Engineering, Sam Hagginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Science, ALLAHABAD (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Biscuit are convenient food products, becoming very popular among both rural and urban populations of India. Some of the reasons for such wide popularity are low cost among other processed foods. India is the second largest wheat producing nation after China in the world and contributes approximately 12 per cent to the world wheat production. The principle basis of most baked products that can be regarded, as snack food is wheat flour. The flour quality is defined as ability of flour to produce uniformly good product and it will be very misleading to define the product. This may be also because of good quality of one product may not be good quality of another baked product. Fenugreek seeds are rich in carbohydrates, and especially mucilaginous fibre. This soluble fibre is comprised of galactomannas, similar to properties in that of guar gum. Fenugreek also contains a rich variety of steroid saponins and flavonoids all of these substances are known to lower blood lipid levels. Fenugreek seeds also contain 4-hydroxyisoleucine, an unusual amino acid that initiates insulin release form the pancreas. The ability of fenugreek to improve glucose tolerance is further enhanced by its rich content of soluble fibre. Biscuit prepared from the blends containing different proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of germinated fenugreek seed flour were evaluated for width, thickness, spread ratio and sensory characteristics. The thickness of fenugreek supplemented biscuits increased, whereas width and spread ratio of biscuits decreased with the increasing level of fenugreek flour. The sensory results showed that a maximum of 10 per cent fenugreek flour can be incorporated to prepare acceptable quality biscuits. Addition of germinated fenugreek flour to wheat flour increased the content of protein (10.5%, 10.4% and 11.0%) lysine (2.15, 2.20 and 2.25 g/100 g protein), dietary fibre (12.7%, 11.3% and 10.9%) total Ca (58.3, 57.1, 57.7 mg/100 g) and total iron (7.40 ,7.26 and 7.36 mg/100g ), respectively, at 10 per cent level of substitution. These biscuits can be safely stored in polypropylene bags upto 1 month without altering their organoleptic properties.

Keywords

Biscuit, Wheat, Fenugreek, Physical, Sensory, Nutritional Analysis.

Full Text

     

Anil Pandey ¹, Avanish Kumar ², Atul A. Mishra ²

Affiliations
1 Centre of Food Technology, University of Allahabad, ALLAHABAD (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Food Process Engineering, Sam Hagginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Science, ALLAHABAD (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The study was conducted on development and qualitative estimation of high fibre enriched bread fortified with carrot pomace" using carrot pomace powder and refined wheat flour in varying ratio of 2.5:97g, 5:95g, 7.5:92.5g, and 10:90g, respectively. The carrot pomace was dried at 45° C and then was grinded into powder. Also a control sample without fortification was evaluated to assess the difference of physio-chemical parameters between the control and experimental samples during the storage period of 6 days. The parameters were evaluated and assessed on day 0, day 2, day 4 and day 6, respectively. Refined oil was used as shortening agent while sugar powder was added as rich supplement of free carbohydrate source for proper leavening. Preactivated yeast was used for leavening and making of dough. During storage there was loss in the amount of moisture, ash, fat, crude fiber, protein as far as physio-chemical parameters were concerned. The study conducted showed that fortification of carrot pomace directly influences the qualitative aspects of prepared bread while the organoleptic study suggested that bread was acceptable for consumption for a period of six days while T₂ having 5g of carrot pomace was desirable for acceptability on most accounts. The F test was found significant at (P<0.05).

Keywords

Qualitative, Fortification, Carrot, Pomace, Bread, Physio-Chemical.

Full Text